Although there is no need to be pessimistic or get paranoid about diseases, it's important to be aware of common health issues that may affect your cat. Here are some of the most prevalent cat diseases, their symptoms and prevention measures. As a rule of thumb, it's a good idea to consult your vet immediately if you see any of the symptoms mentioned below, or any abnormal behaviour in your cat.
Upper Respiratory Infection
Feline upper respiratory infection is akin to the common cold in humans and is highly contagious among cats, especially in multi-cat households or shelters. It is commonly caused by viruses such as feline herpesvirus and feline calicivirus. Symptoms include sneezing, coughing, nasal discharge (clear or colored), fever, loss of appetite, and lethargy.
Prevention: Keep your cat indoors to minimize exposure to infected cats, ensure proper ventilation in living areas, and vaccinate your cat against common respiratory pathogens.
Asthma
Feline asthma is a lower airway disease affecting 1 to 5% of cats, primarily caused by an allergic reaction to certain triggers such as pollen, grass, mould, dust mites, tobacco smoke, cat litter or household cleaning products. When a susceptible cat inhales an allergen, their immune system triggers inflammation and airway constriction. They may exhibit signs such as difficulty breathing, wheezing, rapid breathing, coughing, open-mouthed breathing, or vomiting. During an asthma attack, many cats hunch their body close to the ground and extend their necks forward in a characteristic posture.
Prevention: Conduct allergy testing, remove potential triggers and make sure the air in the house is clean, avoid smoking or using perfume and air fresheners around your cat, use litter that is dust and scent-free, maintain a stress-free environment, manage weight, and provide a balanced diet. Keep a diary of attacks and consider recording videos for vet evaluation to identify triggers and patterns effectively.
Lower Urinary Tract Disease
Feline lower urinary tract disease encompasses various conditions affecting the urinary tract, including urinary blockages, bladder inflammation (cystitis), and urinary tract infections. It can be triggered by stress, diet, and environmental factors. Symptoms include straining to urinate, blood in urine, urinating outside the litter box, frequent licking of the genital area, and signs of discomfort or pain.
Prevention: Ensure your cat has access to fresh water, feed a balanced diet to maintain urinary health, and provide multiple litter boxes in different locations to reduce stress.
Parasites
Parasites such as fleas, ticks, and intestinal worms are common in cats and can cause various health issues. Fleas and ticks can transmit diseases and cause skin irritation, while intestinal worms can lead to gastrointestinal problems. Symptoms may include itching, hair loss, diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy, and visible parasites in feces.
Prevention: Use flea and tick preventatives recommended by your veterinarian, maintain a clean living environment by regularly vacuuming and washing bedding, and administer regular deworming treatments.
Dental Disease
Poor dental hygiene can lead to dental diseases such as periodontal disease and gingivitis in cats. Plaque and tartar buildup on teeth can harbor bacteria, leading to inflammation of the gums and tooth decay. Symptoms include bad breath, swollen or bleeding gums, reluctance to eat, drooling, and pawing at the mouth.
Prevention: Brush your cat's teeth regularly using a pet-specific toothbrush and toothpaste, provide dental treats or toys designed to promote oral health, and schedule regular dental check-ups with your veterinarian.
Certainly, there are other diseases that may afflict your cat. I encourage you to explore the information provided in the links below for further understanding. I truly hope your cat never has to go through any of it.
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